April 10, 2006

Chapter 21 Enzymes and Vitamins

21.6 Regulation of Enzyme Activity

Zymogens (proenzymes)- inactive precursor

Trypsinogen ^{enterokinase>} trypsin + hexapeptide
21.7 Enzyme Cofactors

Simple enzymes: when their functional forms consist only of proteins with 3^o structures

Cofactors: small molecule or metal ion required by an enzyme for it to be functional

Coenzymes: organic cofactor

apoenzyme + cofactor ---> holoenzyme
21.8 Vitamins and Coenzymes
Organic molecules that are essential for normal health and growth

Water soluble:B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₁₂, C, Biotin, Folic acid

Fat soluble: A,D,E,K

Homework:

21.1, 21.3, 21.7, 21.11, 21.13, 21.19, 21.25, 21.27, 21.29, 21.31, 21.41, 21.51, 21.53, 21.65, 21.71, 21.73, 21.85

Chapter 22 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genome - the complete DNA sequence in an organism; all of the genetic information (book)

Chromosome: DNA molecule - 23 pairs in humans which wrap around a protein to form a histone (chapter)

Gene - a DNA segment that codes for one protein (sentence)

Codon - a sequence of three nuceotides (word)

Nucleotide - differentiating, fundamental unit of primary sequence (letter)

22.1 Components of Nucleic Acids

Nitrogen bases: heterocycle: purine & pyrimidine

Sugars

22.2 Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Nucleoside - base + sugar

Nucleotide - base + sugar + phosphate

Homework:
22.5, 22.6, 22.11, 22.15, 22.17, 22.19, 22.21, 22.23, 22.25, 22.27, 22.29, 22.31, 22.33, 22.35, 22.37, 22.39, 22.43, 22.45, 22.49, 22.51, 22.53, 22.55, 22.57, 22.59, 22.61, 22.71, 22.73, 22.91, 22.97, 22.101, 22.103, 22.109