April 7, 2006

Chapter 21 Enzymes and Vitamins

21.3 Enzymes as Catalysts

Active site

Lock-and-Key and Induced Fit Models
21.4 Factors Affecting Enzymes Activity

Temp

Concentraton of Enzyme

Concentration of Substrate
21.5 Enzyme Inhibition

Reversible Competitive Inhibition: sulfa drugs

Reversible Noncompetitive Inhibition

Irreversible Inhibition

Antibiotics: penicillin, Hodgkin
21.6 Regulation of Enzyme Activity

Zymogens (proenzymes)- inactive precursor

Trypsinogen ^{enterokinase>} trypsin + hexapeptide
21.6 Regulation of Enzyme Activity

Zymogens (proenzymes)- inactive precursor

Trypsinogen ^{enterokinase>} trypsin + hexapeptide
21.7 Enzyme Cofactors

Simple enzymes: when their functional forms consist only of proteins with 3^o structures

Cofactors: small molecule or metal ion required by an enzyme for it to be functional

Coenzymes: organic cofactor

apoenzyme + cofactor ---> holoenzyme
21.8 Vitamins and Coenzymes
Organic molecules that are essential for normal health and growth

Water soluble:B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₁₂, C, Biotin, Folic acid

Fat soluble: A,D,E,K

Homework:

21.1, 21.3, 21.7, 21.11, 21.13, 21.19, 21.25, 21.27, 21.29, 21.31, 21.41, 21.51, 21.53, 21.65, 21.71, 21.73, 21.85