February 13, 2006

Chapter 15 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

15.1 Structure and Bonding

C=O, carbonyl group

1^o- aldehyde

2^o- ketone

15.2 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones

Name the longest carbon chain containing the carbonyly group.

Number the main chain starting from the end nearest the carbonyl group.

aldehydes: suffix of -al

ketones: suffix of -one

or can usy the perfix oxo-

15.3 Some Important Aldehydes and Ketones

formaldehdye

acetone

15.4 Physical Properties

boiling points

solubity: 4 carbons or less

15.5 Chiral Molecules

isomers- compounds with te same moelcualr formula, but different structures

constitutional isomers- isomers that differ in the order of bonded atoms

stereoisomers - atoms are bonded in the same sequence but differ in the way they are arranged in space

enantiomers- non-superimposable mirror images

diastereomers- stereoisomers that are not mirror images

chirality - handedness

chiral carbons - contain 4 different groups

Drawing Fischer projections (Emil Fisher, 1902 Nobel prize)

Homework:
15.1, 15.3, 15.5, 15.7, 15.9, 15.13, 15.15, 15.17, 15.19, 15.21, 15.23, 15.25, 15.27, 15.29, 15.31, 15.33, 15.37, 15.39, 15.47, 15.49, 15.51, 15.55, 15.57, 15.59