February 8, 2006

Chapter 14 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Thiols

14.5 Physical Properties of Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

Review of hydrogen bonding

Boiling Points

Solubility in water

14.6 Reactions of Alcohols

Dehydration to form alkenes

Formation of ethers

Homework:
14.1, 14.4, 14.5, 14.7, 14.9, 14.11, 14.13, 14.15, 14.17, 14.23, 14.25, 14.27, 14.29, 14.33, 14.35, 14.37, 14.39, 14.4114.43, 14.49, 14.51, 14.53, 14.57 Chapter 15 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

15.1 Structure and Bonding

C=O, carbonyl group

1^o- aldehyde

2^o- ketone

15.2 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones

Name the longest carbon chain containing the carbonyly group.

Number the main chain starting from the end nearest the carbonyl group.

aldehydes: suffix of -al

ketones: suffix of -one

or can usy the perfix oxo-

15.3 Some Important Aldehydes and Ketones

formaldehdye

acetone

15.4 Physical Properties

boiling points

solubity: 4 carbons or less

15.5 Chiral Molecules

stereoisomers - atoms are bonded in the same sequence but differ in the way they are arranged in space

enantiomers- non-superimposable mirror images

diastereomers- stereoisomers that are not mirror images

chirality - handedness

chiral carbons - contain 4 different groups

Drawing Fischer projections (Emil Fisher, 1902 Nobel prize)

15.6 Oxidation and Reduction

Tollen's test for aldehydes with Ag⁺

Benedict's test for aldehyde with adjacent hydroxy group

15.7 Addition reactions

Addition of water to from hydrates

Hemiacetals and Acetals

Homework:
15.1, 15.3, 15.5, 15.7, 15.9, 15.13, 15.15, 15.17, 15.19, 15.21, 15.23, 15.25, 15.27, 15.29, 15.31, 15.33, 15.37, 15.39, 15.47, 15.49, 15.51, 15.55, 15.57, 15.59